Which of the following statements best describes a structural formula?

The statement that best describes a structural formula is that it includes the specific arrangement of atoms and bonds. A structural formula provides detailed information about how atoms are connected within a molecule, showcasing not just which atoms are present but also the connectivity between them and, in many cases, the spatial arrangement of those atoms.

This contrasts with other types of representations, such as a molecular formula, which only indicates the number and types of atoms (the ratio of each element present) without conveying how they are connected. The empirical formula, another type of representation, offers merely the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound, lacking any structural insight. Additionally, while structural formulas may contribute to an understanding of molecular shape, that is not their primary purpose; they focus on illustrating the bonds and arrangement of atoms.

Thus, the correct choice emphasizes the comprehensive detailing that a structural formula provides, ensuring a clearer understanding of the molecule's structure.