What is one primary role of transition metals in catalysis?

The primary role of transition metals in catalysis is indeed to adsorb and weaken bonds of reactant molecules. Transition metals have unique properties, such as the ability to form variable oxidation states and coordinate with various ligands, which allows them to interact effectively with reactant molecules.

When transition metals act as catalysts, they facilitate the formation of a temporary complex with the reactants. This interaction can weaken the bonds within the reactant molecules, making it easier for them to undergo the necessary transformations to convert into products. By lowering the activation energy required for the reaction, transition metals enable the reaction to occur more easily and often at a faster rate without being consumed in the process.

This ability to adsorb molecules and modify their bond strengths is essential in processes like catalytic converters in vehicles, where transition metals help convert harmful gases into less harmful emissions. The adsorptive properties of these metals can therefore be seen as central to their function as catalysts.