In the reaction of asymmetric alkenes with HBr, which carbon receives the hydrogen atom according to Markownikoff's rule?

In the reaction of asymmetric alkenes with HBr, Markownikoff's rule states that when HX (where X is a halogen) adds to an asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen atom will add to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogen atoms already attached—in other words, the most hydrogenated carbon. This leads to the more stable carbocation intermediate being formed.

When HBr adds to an alkene, the addition occurs in such a way that the more stable carbocation is formed. If the alkene contains a carbon with more hydrogen substituents (the more hydrogenated carbon), this carbon is considered to be more substituted. Therefore, it can accommodate the positive charge of the carbocation more effectively.

For instance, if you have a double bond between a primary and a more substituted carbon, adding HBr will result in the hydrogen bonding to the more substituted carbon, as this allows for a more stable carbocation to form on the other carbon. Conversely, adding the hydrogen to the less substituted carbon would create a less stable primary carbocation, which is not favorable energetically.

This understanding of carbocation stability is crucial in predicting the products of electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, thus firmly aligning with the prediction provided by