In mass spectroscopy, how are ions deflected?

In mass spectrometry, ions are deflected according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Heavier ions experience less deflection than lighter ions when subjected to an electric or magnetic field. This differential deflection occurs because the force experienced by the ions is inversely proportional to their mass; heavier ions carry more inertia and are less easily deflected than lighter ions under the same conditions.

In a typical mass spectrometer, once ions are generated and accelerated, they enter a region where they are subjected to a magnetic field (or electric field). Lighter ions will take a sharper path and reach the detector sooner, while heavier ions will maintain a straighter path, taking longer to reach the same point. This principle allows for the separation of ions based on their masses, enabling precise identification and quantification of different species in a sample.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the principles of mass spectrometry. For instance, stating that all ions are deflected equally overlooks the fundamental differences in mass and how they interact with an external field. Similarly, claiming that deflection is based solely on charge neglects the crucial role of mass in determining how far and how quickly ions are deflected. Lastly, the idea that ions are deflected based on their