How does the Haber process address the challenge of using nitrogen from the atmosphere?

The Haber process addresses the challenge of using nitrogen from the atmosphere by fixing atmospheric nitrogen to form ammonia. In this process, nitrogen gas (N₂) from the atmosphere is combined with hydrogen gas (H₂) under high temperature and pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst. This reaction helps create ammonia (NH₃), which is an essential building block for fertilizers and various chemical processes.

The term "fixing" refers to the transformation of inert atmospheric nitrogen, which consists of diatomic N₂ molecules that do not readily react with other substances, into a form that can be utilized in chemical reactions. The Haber process is significant because it enables the large-scale production of ammonia, making it possible to use the abundant nitrogen in the atmosphere effectively for agricultural and industrial purposes.

By transforming nitrogen from its inert form into ammonia, the Haber process significantly contributes to food production and the development of various nitrogen-containing compounds essential for various applications in chemistry and industry.