Homogeneous catalysts are characterized by what feature?

Homogeneous catalysts are characterized by being in the same phase as the reactants, which typically means they are all in a liquid state during a reaction. This allows for better interaction between the catalyst and the reactants, facilitating more efficient reactions. Because the catalyst is dissolved in the same medium as the reactants, it can easily interact and participate in the chemical process without the need for additional support or specific phase conditions.

In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts operate in a different phase, often solid catalysts in contact with gaseous or liquid reactants. The requirement for a solid support pertains to certain types of heterogeneous catalysts, not homogeneous ones. Operational temperature requirements can vary widely for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and are not inherently a defining characteristic of homogeneous catalysts.